Carnation

Hydrogen Peroxide with silver

1. Wet the beds with irrigation water.
2. Mix water with hydrogen peroxide at a rate of 35 ml per/lite.
3. Apply this solution evenly on soil beds. Use one liter of mix solution  ( Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with silver + water) For the one-meter area. After that in 4 to 6 hours the crop can be planted.

Advantages of hydrogen peroxide with silver

1. Really simple and secure to use with no hazardous effect on human health.
2. Eco-friendly and doesn’t create any harmful effects on plants.
3. Plantation can be performed out 4 to 6 hours following fumigation.
4. Destroys almost any fungal, viral and bacterial existence in addition to larva and eggs of these pests in the soil.
5. Stable in a broad assortment of temperature and pH.

 Climate

1) Temperature

Temperature is the significant factor that affects the development and flowering of carnation. The perfect environment for carnation production needs to have a cold but steady temperature, low humidity and long days with high light intensity.

Finest grade carnations are made in areas having high light intensity through winter and at the same period, the temperatures during summer months are mild.

In case of carnation growing, moderate temperatures are favored. Infection at night is vital for quality. The difference between day and night temperatures should be big enough and the night temperatures low enough to raise carnations of high quality.

High night and day temperatures, especially during flowering, contributes to abnormal blossom opening and calyx splitting.

2) Light

Carnations need high degrees to generate premium quality flowers. Carnations required minimum 21500 Lux natural light intensity for adequate photosynthesis.

3) Humidity

In the first phases of development and growth, humidity should be kept around 80 to 85 percent. Whereas at complete growth phase it must be 60 to 65 percent. The hot and humid climate isn’t acceptable for carnation cultivation.

Greenhouse for commercial carnation cultivation

Criteria for selecting Greenhouse project site :

• very good connectivity to nearest market
• Electricity provision
• Availability of superior quality of water
• labor availability

1. Adequate ventilation area is necessary on sides and top.
2. To protect the plants in the rain at the monsoons, without impacting the atmosphere Circulation side drapes should be stored openly at slanting position
3. To control light intensity white color shaded net (50 percent) is utilized. Roughly 50,000 lux light intensity is called for on the plant level.
4. Employ whitewash to east, west and west sides of the greenhouse to shield plants from glowing light intensity through the summer season.

Important tips for reducing mortality in Carnation

1. Fumigation process is absolutely vital to stop the intrusion of soil-borne diseases.
2. The added FYM in bed must be entirely decomposed.
3. Don’t offer any high showering. Practice just surface watering and prevent splashing water on foliage. If overhead irrigation is essential, do it early in the morning if plants will dry fast.
4. Never shut the side curtains in day
5. Adhere to the 21-day program which basically contains preventative fungicides and insecticides, along with the compounds that improve the main growth and establishment of this plant.
6. Don’t postpone the operation. Carry out pinching after two weeks on the 5th foliage set.

Pinching in Carnation

Pinching is a significant cultural performance at the successful creation of excellent quality carnations. After planting, the pinching has been developing a major stem.

If abandoned unpinched, this most important stem generates a “Crown blossom.”

Pinching is a significant function in Carnation which entails removal of their bud-head of the main stem from an early phase. This permits the side shoots to grow. These shoots make the initial flush.

Pinching process means breaking the crop head. The ideal time for pinching is in the morning because the head of carnation plant easily breaks

The pinching process starts three months after planting. Immediately after pinching it’s very good to generate a spray therapy with Captaf or Bavistin (1.5gm/lit).

If possible, have the soil analyzed every Two or Three weeks to determine whether it is essential to alter the fertilization program.

Fertilization out of 12th week onwards until the end of flush: (Per 100 m2 every day).

The perfect water EC during generative growth must be approximately 1.6 mS/cm. Continue using the above before the conclusion of the very first flower production peak.

Subsequently clean water for one weekly, no fertilizers. Wash the dirt and eliminate extra nutrients.

Method of giving Fertigation

Fertigation should be provided early in the morning at 6 am for greater use from the plants. Take recommended amount of fertilizers and then dissolve them in the adequate amount of water.

It’s crucial to provide fertilizers with the recommended amount of water to keep EC optimal. Thus, operate drip irrigation method for the prescribed time.

After each fertigation, open flush valve to drain water off out of laterals and sub-mains.

Gently wash out the fertigation system to prevent any kind of malfunctioning.

Disease and pest in Carnation

Always maintains Cleanliness, cleanliness environment is vital due to environmental restrictions, spraying application, which requires weekly implementation.

Identifying disease at the initial stage is important.

The most favorable conditions for fungi are humidity and higher humidity.

Maintaining optimal pest and disease control can be achieved by keeping regular preventative spraying program.

Don’t spray on weak plants as a result of extreme sunlight sown in a comparatively dry condition.

Diseases:

The significant carnation diseases and their potential control measures are described below

1. Fusarium wilt

The disorder caused by Fusarium oxysporum is among the most serious disease

Wilting of foliage, often only on a couple of branches followed by departure. Rotting of the stem below floor level with inner brown streaking extending around the stem.

When pulled, the plant breaks off easily while the company roots stay in the soil. Infected cuttings wilt and die quickly.

Control Measure

• The ideal control measures are dirt sterilization or chemical fumigation of the soil, use of pathogen-free crops and basic sanitation at the greenhouse
• Rogue and destroy diseased plants to decrease the source of disease.
• Benomyl or Ridomil @ two gm/lit of water drenching.

2. Butt rust – Rhizoctonia solani

Butts occasionally show a brownish discoloration and breaking just below ground level.

The brown rot can stretch up the stem.

Control Measure

• Plant substance derived from pathogen analyzed stock into the fumigated land.
• proper ventilation, Fantastic drainage, shallow planting  increase carnation immunity against  R. solani
• Moderate fertility level.
• drenching with fungicide reduce butt rust
• (Bavistin or Benomyl @ two gm/lit) before planting.
• If the infection develops eliminate infected plants and start Ridomil or Benomyl treatment

3. Rust-uromyces dianthii

Initial infections appear as pale green shellfish such as swellings, which erupt releasing red to dark brown powdery masses of spores. The disease is normal under warm, humid conditions.

Control measure

• Avoid to leaves wet.
• Rogue contaminated plants.
• Maintain a routine preventative spray program with Mancozeb

4. Grey mould-Botrytis cinerea

Symptoms: Originally a moist tan colored blotch grows on petal tips and spreads quickly throughout the petals to make a fluffy grey mold. This disorder could create on cut flowers while in transit.

Control measure

• Reduce humidity; keep excellent ventilation and hygiene clinics.
• Avoid injuring blossoms.

5. Stem and root rot

Withering and yellowing of foliage, foliage departure, outside browning of stalks and inner workings in nodes. Stem and root rot might be present. Wet conditions, over watering and poorly drained soils prefer developments of this illness.

Control measure

• Avoid overwatering and poorly drained soils.
• Drenching using Benomyl @ two gm/lit or Rovral (0.5 gm/lit).
• Drench using Thiram @ 3 gm/lit.

6. Alternaria leaf stains

Little purple stains appear on the leaves, stalks and sometimes on the blossoms. These grow into stains up to 5 millimeters in diameter with brownish middle surrounded by a wide purple margin. Spores resembling black specks grow randomly in the middle of stains.

Control measure

• Avoid excess moisture from plants.

7. Fairy ring spots

Whitish tan colored stains up to 5 millimeters in diameter surrounded by a narrow reddish purple margin. Black pin-head sized spore masses happen in concentric rings around the surface of those stains.

Control measure

Spray mancozeb and sulphur with 1.5gm/lit and 1gm/lit respectively

8. Carnation mottle virus

In carnation plant CMV commonly find viruses. Normally infected crops are symptom significantly less, but some cultivars can demonstrate a mottling pattern on the leaves. It reduces flower production and quality and might cause inconsistent colour ethics in the petals. CMV does not have any known rector and can be highly contagious.

Control measure

Prevention is the only option to control this virus. CMV cannot be controlled by treatment. Use plants derived from pathogen analyzed stock and keep rigorous hygiene practices to lessen the disease.

Disclaimer: (The above calculations are indicative only.)