Dutch Rose cultivation
Rose is a famous and very beautiful flower; the rose flower is a symbol of love all over the world. In Greenhouse mostly Dutch rose variety cultivated, Dutch rose has high demand in national and international markets. Therefore Dutch rose cultivation is increasing day by day also Indian government promoting Dutch rose farming by providing the subsidy.
Direct sunlight affects Dutch rose productivity the plant required bright light Hence Dutch rose grows very well in the Greenhouse where the climate is in control condition.
Dutch rose cultivated mostly for export purpose. In India Dutch rose is export countries like Europe, Singapore, Malaysia, Middle East, Australia, and New Zealand.
The Roses plant produces flowers faster during long days ( summer ) than in short days ( winter). This crop required some shading in the summer season so shade net or painting the polythene from outside polyhouse.
Basic essential for Dutch rose to grow
- Light – 40000-60000 LUX
- Temperature 15 – 18 °C
- Humidity 60% -65%
- Good quality water
- Good growing medium
Soil structure required for Dutch rose cultivation
To succeed in Dutch rose cultivation, selection of soil is very important. The main factors to consider are as follows :
- The soil pH should be between 5.5 to 7
- For better root growth and better penetration of roots, the soil should be highly porous and well drained.
Dutch rose also cultivated artificial medium like coco peat, Rockwool, pumice.
Soil sterilization before Dutch rose cultivation
Before Dutch rose cultivation, soil sterilization required and For Soil sterilization Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with silver is used.
This method is very easy, economical & efficient method.
Process :
- Fill the beds with irrigation water
- Mix water at a rate of 35 ml per liter hydrogen peroxide.
(Do not mix any other chemical with this)
Apply this solution evenly on beds, there is no need to cover the soil and just leaves the soil, after 4 to 6 hours the crop can be planted (Use one liter of water for one meter/square area)
Bed preparation Dutch rose cultivation
Raised beds to use for Dutch Roses cultivation because these beds provide better drainage & aeration for Dutch rose plant root.
The dimensions of beds should be as follows :
- Bed height: 45 cm
- The width of bed at the top: 90 cm
- The pathway between beds: 45 cm
For better drainage, Gravel sand is added at the bottom. The soil should be porous.
Organic manure is added to bed because they provide nutritious elements for plant & help to improve the soil texture.
For better roots establishment FYM & DAP or SSP (10 to 15 gm /sq.meter) is properly mixed on the upper layer of the bed.
Planting
In India mostly two type of planting material is used one has budded plants, and other is a Top grafted plant.
Before plantation, selection of right Dutch rose varieties & right color combination is important. It boosts Dutch rose marketing efforts.
In Dutch Rose red, yellow, pink, orange, white and bicolor available, the red colour flower has demand high in local & export market, on valentine day it is on the boom. Dutch rose grower earns 20 to 25% revenue comes from Valentine sales
| RED | 50-60% |
| YELLOW | 15% |
| PINK | 15% |
| ORANGE | 10% |
| WHITE | 5% |
| BICOLOUR | 5% |
[/ultimate_info_table][ultimate_info_table design_style=”design02″ color_scheme=”green” package_heading=”The most popular Dutch rose varieties in India.” heading_font_size=”desktop:26px;” features_font_size=”desktop:16px;”]
| Varieties | Colour |
| Top secret/ Taj Mahal |
Red |
| Gold Strike | Yellow |
| Corvette | Orange |
| Noblesse | Light Pink |
| Bon Heur | Pink |
| White Avalanche | White |
| Peach Avalanche | Peach |
| Sweet Avalanche | Light pink |
| Tropical Amazon | Orange |
| Hot Shot | Pink |
| Sovereign | Bi-colour |
[/ultimate_info_table]
For transplanting select Dutch Rose plants usually are 5 to 6 weeks old budded plants; Dutch rose the plants must be healthy, free from disease with well root development.
Plant density for Dutch is 8 –10 plants / sq.mtr. Is suitable, but Plant density depends upon variety to a variety
Two rows planted on one bed the distance between plant to plant is 18 cm, and row – row is 30 cm.
- Row – Row – 30 cm
- plant -plant -18 cm
After plantation humidity at 80% maintained for 4 -6 weeks to avoid desiccation of plants.
Cultural Practices for Dutch rose
Cultural practices are performed in commercial rose cultivation; this will help to high quality & quantity flower; these are as follows :
Mother Shoot Bending
The first flower is pinched after one month from the date of a plantation in after that two- Three eyes bud will sprout on the main branch. These branches produce bud.
When this stage attained plant mother shoot & these branches bend towards the path. Due to this cultural operation, we can get a good quality flower.
Plant Structure Development
When mother- shoots bend after planting, the first shoot will start growing. This shoot is used for forming a basic and strong framework of plant structure. It was still the entire life of the tree.
All these shoots at the bottom are cut or bent as follows :
- Medium shoot: Cut to other or third leaflets.
- Stronger shoot: Cut the fifth leaf pair.
Bending in roses
Plant leaves are essential for the production of nutrients, and the bunding needs to maintain an adequate number of leaves on the tree. The leaves are called lungs of trees.
Weak & blind shoots are select for bending & it is a continuous process and hence carried out throughout the plant life cycle.
Remove bud from the branches before bending. It is essential because bud provides shelter for thrips & botrytis of sprout buds to remove the growing buds for the edges of the leaves. The following bunds of bedding are allowed to grow, and then they are later weakened, they are re-bundled if they are not used for production.
Bending is done off the first or second pair of leaves.
Disbudding
For producing high-quality flower & length of steam side bud on this steam is remove this called Disbudding.
Disbudding should not be done too early or too late.
If done too early it may be harmful to leaves and if done too late effect on upper leaf axil. The right time to do disbudding when bud attains pea-size and shows slight color.
Irrigation
Water quality should be as follows :
- PH: 6.5 – 7.0
- EC: 0.5 – 1 ms / cm.
Drip irrigation specification-
- Use Pressure Compensating Drippers to uniformity in the delivery of water.
- Use two laterals on one bed.
- Dripper discharge capacity 1.2 -4 LPH.
After plantation, irrigate the plants with the micro-sprinkler system use for four weeks to help uniform root development of the plant. After four weeks that gradually change to drip irrigation.
The water requirement of Dutch Rose plant can be approximately 800 ml – 1000ml for Per plant per day.
In hot summer sprinkler system can be used to maintain the optimum humidity.
Observes the soil before irrigation and checks the soil moisture.
After that decide the quantity of water is required for irrigation. It varies with the season, but the frequency is the same.
Always use drip irrigation before 12 p.m
As a thumb rule, the soil should be moderately moist but never having excessive water. To measure how much water required for roses is calculate with a tensiometer, pan transcription or green finger method.
Fertilization
After plantation applies N: P: K 20:20:20 @ 2.5 gm/lit every two days for the first three months.
Irrigate and fertilize frequently in small quantities for optimum results and always care to fulfill the crop requirement.
Applied Micronutrients after every four days or weekly, if crop showing any deficiency symptoms increase the quantity of micronutrient.
If possible, always do the soil analysis every 2-3 months to decide specific nutrient schedule.
As a layman, whenever you enter the greenhouse, the plants should look very healthy & glossy.
Harvesting:
Harvesting start after 12 – 15 weeks plantation. The average yield is 230 flowers per sq/meter. (8 – 9 plants) per year.
The cut flower has a minimum vase life of 10-12 days depending upon variety. For Harvest dutch flower best time is in the morning or late in the evening or during the day when a temperature is low.
To produce big size head use bud cap 7 to 8 days before harvesting results in 10 to 12 percentage bud size increase.
The lower end of flower cut stems is placed in clean plastic buckets containing clean water or 500 ppm citric acid solution.
Read – Economics of Dutch Rose.
Indian government provide subsidy-related information on NHB & NHM
